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    "headline": "Extreme Heat Disrupts Indonesia's Coal and Palm Oil Exports",
    "dek": "Severe drought and El Niño conditions are hindering coal and palm oil shipments from Indonesia.",
    "prose": "Reuters reported that extreme heat is complicating the export of coal and palm oil from Indonesia. [^1]\n\nA blanket of toxic haze is enveloping parts of Indonesia and spreading into Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines due to weeks-long wildfires. [^2]\n\nBetween July and August, Indonesia's Health Ministry recorded over 50,000 cases of respiratory infections linked to land and forest fires. [^3]\n\nIn some areas, the smog has fueled pollution levels more than 15 times the World Health Organization's recommended level. [^4]\n\nThe Indonesian Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG) issued a weather forecast for September 4 stating that the majority of Indonesia will be dominated by cloudy conditions. [^5]\n\nIndonesia, one of the region's largest economies, is facing difficulties due to the El Niño phenomenon, which has caused drought and worsened forest fires on Sumatra and Kalimantan. [^6]\n\nIndustry associations in Indonesia stated that extremely dry weather is hindering stable coal and palm oil shipments due to reduced water levels in key rivers. [^7]\n\nDr Nisa Novita, a peatland researcher at Indonesian conservation NGO Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, explained that drained peatlands can become carbon bombs when burned, releasing carbon accumulated underground for thousands of years. [^8]\n\nAn early warning was issued for moderate to heavy rain potentially affecting North Sumatra, East Kalimantan, and northern Papua. [^9]\n\nIn Sumatra, Bengkulu and Bandar Lampung are predicted to experience smoke or haze, while Palembang is forecast to have hazy air. [^10]\n\nSea surface temperatures off the coast of South America are currently three to four degrees above normal. [^11]",
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