Turkey's fuel excise tax revenue collected from January to July 2026 fell by 34.4% year-on-year to 179 billion lira, compared to 273 billion lira in the same period of the previous year. ^[1] The World Bank officially upgraded Vietnam to a high-income economy in its 2026 annual classification report based on 2025 data. ^[2] Vietnam's Gross National Income (GNI) per capita reached $4,970 in 2025, exceeding the $4,636 threshold required for high-income status. ^[3] The Ministry of Finance of Pakistan announced on Thursday that the country raised a record $3 billion through a dual-tranche Eurobond sale, marking its single largest international capital market transaction. ^[4] Fuel excise tax revenue dropped by 81.1% in April and 89.3% in May, reaching a yearly low of 4.432 billion lira in May 2026. ^[5] The e-fuel mobile system, previously used to offset fuel cost increases with tax reductions, was reactivated this year, negatively impacting Ministry of Finance excise tax revenues. ^[6] Professor Nguyen Duy Dat noted that Vietnam's GNI has grown at an average of 10% annually between 2021 and 2025, ranking among the most sustainable growth rates in the region. ^[7] Professor Nguyen Duy Dat stated that Vietnam's GNI per capita grew from under $100 in the 1990s to over $3,500 by 2020 before reaching nearly $5,000 in 2025. ^[8] The $3 billion issuance consists of a $1.75 billion tranche with a 5.5-year maturity at a 7.5% coupon rate and a $1.25 billion tranche with a 10-year maturity at a 7.9% coupon rate. ^[9] The transaction attracted nearly $6 billion in orders from a broad and diversified base of institutional investors across global markets and continents. ^[10] This issuance was the first under Pakistan's renewed strategic Global Medium-Term Note (GMTN) Programme, following the country's inaugural Panda Bond and improvements in its sovereign credit profile. ^[11]