Judge Boardman wrote in her ruling that the Supreme Court has spoken, stating that children in the certified class are 'citizens at birth' under the 14th Amendment ratified in 1868. ^[1] U.S. District Judge Deborah L. Boardman issued a preliminary injunction on Wednesday blocking President Donald Trump's executive order that sought to limit birthright citizenship. ^[2] Judge Boardman ruled that the executive order likely violates the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which establishes citizenship for persons born on U.S. territory. ^[3] A federal judge in Maryland temporarily blocked much of President Donald Trump's executive order attempting to withhold citizenship from babies born in the United States to noncitizen parents. ^[4] Judge Deborah L. Boardman ruled that the Supreme Court had already settled the legal questions reopened by an executive order Trump signed in August. ^[5] Judge Boardman rejected the administration's argument, writing that the 2026 Executive Order commands agencies to deny citizenship documents to several broad categories of children regardless of future guidance. ^[6] The executive order targeted 'birth tourism,' defining it as entering the U.S. on a nonimmigrant visa for the purpose of giving birth, and sought to deny citizenship to children born to adults who engaged in commercial transactions to purchase citizenship. ^[7] The executive order targeted children of foreign nationals entering the U.S. for 'birth tourism' and minors whose parents have ties to foreign embassies, organizations, or are considered 'foreign enemies'. ^[8] The injunction was issued in response to a class-action lawsuit filed by immigrant families and migrant rights organizations challenging the new executive order. ^[9] Judge Deborah L. Boardman wrote that the executive order would likely affect babies the Supreme Court had already defined as citizens. ^[10]